What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, or leiomyomas, are benign tumors from muscle and connective tissue in the uterus.
Most commonly found in women during their reproductive years, these tumours are not typically cancerous.
Fibroids vary in size and may develop as single nodules or clusters, potentially as small as a pea or as large as a melon.
Their growth is usually classified into four types depending on their location:
- Intramural
- Submucosal
- Subserosal
- Pedunculated fibroids
What Symptoms Are Associated with Fibroids?
Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms and may never know they have them. However, those who do face symptoms often report:
- Heavy and painful menstrual periods.
- Abdominal bloating or a feeling of fullness.
- Frequent urination due to bladder pressure.
- Pain during intercourse.
- Lower back pain.
- Chronic vaginal discharge
For women with large fibroids, symptoms can be severe enough to mimic the appearance of pregnancy due to increased abdominal size, and they may also cause complications such as anemia due to heavy menstrual bleeding.
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are usually discovered during regular pelvic examinations.
To confirm a diagnosis and assess the size and location of fibroids, healthcare providers may use ultrasonography, the most common imaging technique.
Additional diagnostic methods include
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Computed tomography (CT) scans
and minimally invasive procedures like hysteroscopy or laparoscopy, which involve using cameras to view or treat the inside of the uterus.
What Treatment Options Exist for Fibroids?
Treatment options depend on the size of the fibroid and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and the patient’s reproductive goals.
These options include:
- Medications: Pain relievers and iron supplements to manage symptoms and prevent anemia.
- Non-Invasive Procedures: Uterine fibroid embolization and radiofrequency ablation reduce fibroid size without surgery.
- Surgical Treatments: Myomectomy to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus, suitable for women who wish to have children. Hysterectomy, which involves removing the uterus, is a more radical option that guarantees fibroids will not recur.
How Do Fibroids Impact Pregnancy and Long-Term Health?
Fibroids can complicate pregnancies, increasing the risk of cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and placental problems.
They may grow more prominent during pregnancy due to increased hormone levels but often shrink and cause fewer symptoms after menopause.
Despite their benign nature, fibroids should be monitored over time, especially during pregnancy, to manage potential risks effectively.
Act Early for Better Outcomes
Uterine fibroids can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life and reproductive health. If you experience any symptoms or have concerns about fibroids, seeking early medical consultation can provide the necessary diagnosis and help tailor an appropriate treatment plan. Managing fibroids effectively is crucial for maintaining good health and well-being.
