Prolapse

Prolapse is a condition where an organ slips or bulges out of its normal position due to weakened support tissues. This can occur in various parts of the body, but it is most commonly discussed in relation to pelvic organ prolapse. At Yashodha Hospitals and Cloud Nine Hospitals, Hi-Tech City, we specialize in diagnosing and treating different types of prolapse to improve your quality of life and overall health.

What is Prolapse?

Prolapse occurs when the support structures of an organ—such as muscles, ligaments, or connective tissues—are weakened, allowing the organ to move out of its usual place. In the pelvic region, this condition often involves the bladder, uterus, rectum, or small intestine protruding into the vaginal canal or abdominal cavity.

Types of Prolapse

Prolapse can affect various organs and is classified based on the location and type of organ involved:

• Pelvic Organ Prolapse: This includes several types of prolapse, such as:

  • Cystocele: Prolapse of the bladder into the front wall of the vagina.
  • Rectocele: Prolapse of the rectum into the back wall of the vagina.
  • Uterine Prolapse: Prolapse of the uterus into the vaginal canal.
  • Enterocele: Prolapse of the small intestine into the upper vaginal wall.

• Rectal Prolapse: This occurs when the rectum protrudes through the anus, leading to discomfort and bowel issues.

• Vaginal Prolapse: Similar to pelvic organ prolapse, where the vaginal wall itself bulges or collapses.

Symptoms of Prolapse

The symptoms of prolapse vary depending on the type and severity but commonly include:

• Bulging or Pressure: A noticeable bulge or feeling of pressure in the pelvic area or through the vaginal opening.
• Discomfort or Pain: Pain or discomfort in the pelvic region, especially during physical activity or sexual intercourse.
• Urinary Issues: Problems such as frequent urination, urinary incontinence, or difficulty starting or stopping urine flow.
• Bowel Problems: Symptoms like constipation, difficulty with bowel movements, or a feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation.
• Visible Protrusion: A visible bulge or protrusion from the vaginal or anal area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing prolapse involves a comprehensive evaluation to determine the type and severity of the condition:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: A thorough review of symptoms and a physical examination to assess the position of the affected organ(s).
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or MRI to visualize the organs and support structures.
• Specialized Tests: Depending on the type of prolapse, additional tests such as urodynamic studies or defecography may be used to evaluate organ function.

Treatment Options

Treatment for prolapse is based on the severity of the condition and the patient’s overall health. Options include:

• Lifestyle Modifications: Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles with exercises (e.g., Kegels) and making lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms.
• Pessary Devices: Inserting a pessary device into the vagina to support the prolapsed organ and alleviate discomfort.
• Surgical Intervention: For more severe cases, surgical options may be necessary to repair the prolapsed organ(s) and restore normal anatomy. Common procedures include:
  • Pelvic Floor Repair: Surgery to correct the prolapse by repairing the weakened tissues and supporting structures.
  • Rectopexy or Hysterectomy: Specific surgical procedures depending on the organ involved and the severity of the prolapse.

Prevention and Support

Preventing prolapse involves maintaining a healthy weight, practicing pelvic floor exercises, and avoiding excessive strain or heavy lifting. Our team provides education and support to help you manage your condition and prevent future complications.